Agri Skill India-Desires Instantaneous Upgrading for Livelihood Security

Skill Upgrading and Imports in US Manufacturing

The majority of skill-upgrading in the United States in the 1980s and early 1990s was due to within industry shifts in skill-intensity. Traditional trade theory, represented by the HeckscherOhlin model, predicts that trade affects relative employment primarily by shifting resources across industries. For this reason, many economists have concluded that international trade has played a minor rol...

Skill Upgrading and Imports in US Manufacturing

Recent theoretical models show that international trade can induce within-industry skillupgrading by raising R&D intensity and creating skill-biased technologies. This paper tests this assertion by estimating the effect of rising import shares on wage shares for 4-digit SIC US manufacturing industries. Using Arellano-Bond estimation to account for the endogeneity of imports, I find that neither...

Skill Upgrading and the Real Exchange Rate

This paper examines the effect of changes in the real exchange rate on skill upgrading in the case of Chile. Using plant-level data from the manufacturing sector we find that a real depreciation increases the share of skilled workers in the total wage bill in exporters but not in non-exporters. This result suggests that depreciations or, more generally, increases in export profitability, may in...

Livelihood Security and Protected Area Management

Upgrading PPP security by Quantum Key Distribution

Quantum cryptography could be integrated in various existing concepts and protocols to secure communications that require very high level of security. The aim of this paper is to analyse the use of quantum cryptography within PPP. We introduce basic concepts of the Point to Point Protocol; we propose a solution that integrates quantum key distribution into PPP. An example is given to demonstrat...